Aluminium Die Casting Aluminium Die Casting

Aluminium Die Casting Aluminium Die Casting

Aluminium Die Casting

Aluminium Die Casting die casting is a versatile process for producing engineered metal parts by forcing molten metal under high pressure into reusable steel molds. These moulds, called dies, can be designed to produce complicated shapes with a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. Parts can be sharply defined, with smooth or textured surfaces, and are suitable for a wide range of interesting and serviceable finishes.

Die-casting can be done using a cold chamber or hot chamber process.

  • In a cold chamber process, the molten metal is ladled into the cold chamber for each shot. There is less time exposure of the melt to the plunger walls or the plunger. This is particularly useful for metals such as Aluminum, and Copper (and its alloys) that alloy easily with Iron at the higher temperatures.
  • In a hot chamber process the pressure chamber is connected to the die cavity is immersed permanently in the molten metal. The inlet port of the pressurizing cylinder is uncovered as the plunger moves to the open (unpressurized) position. This allows a new charge of molten metal to fill the cavity and thus can fill the cavity faster than the cold chamber process. The hot chamber process is used for metals of low melting point and high fluidity such as tin, zinc, and lead that tend not to alloy easily with steel at their melt temperatures.

Moulds (called dies in the industry) tend to be expensive as they are made from hardened steel-also the cycle time for building these tend to be long. Also the stronger and harder metals such as iron and steel cannot be die-cast.

Die casting moulds are generally permanent and made of either cast iron or steel. There are three main modes of die casting: high pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting.

High pressure die casting is the most commonly used process, in which molten aluminium is injected at high pressure into a metal mould by a hydraulically powered piston. The machinery needed for the process can be very costly and this high pressure die casting is only economic when used for high volume production.

Low pressure die casting uses a die which is filled from a pressurised crucible underneath. The process is particularly suited to the production of rotationally symmetrical products such as automobile wheels.

Gravity die casting is suitable for mass production and for fully mechanised casting.

For more information on casting processes visit the European Aluminium Association.

 

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